I have in my robots.txt below settings (standard):
User-agent: *
Disallow: /albums/
Allow: /cache/
Allow: /cache_html/
Disallow: /themes/
Disallow: /zp-core/
Disallow: /zp-data/
Disallow: /page/search/
Disallow: /page/contact/
Disallow: /uploaded/
Disallow: /backup/

but why in Google webmaster tool i get errors that images aren't indexed (error 404 - image not found) Ie: http://gallery.may.net.pl/zp-core/i.php?a=lotnictwo/pokazy-lotnicze/15-lat-polski-w-nato&i=dni-z-wp-2014-zdj001-dsc_0362.jpg&s=1600&cw=0&ch=0&q=100&wmk=logo&check=c8f0f20f56ceae8c146c79bfd81cfb9c65cf397a

is there any problem in my site? when robots enter on site and try to indexing image, script not get them correct path to image: http://gallery.may.net.pl/cache/lotnictwo/pokazy-lotnicze/15-lat-polski-w-nato/dni-z-wp-2014-zdj001-dsc_0362_1600_logo.jpg

what should i do to prevent this error?

The first link is the link to the image processor if resized images used on your site/theme are not yet created. Once these images are created they are cached you get the 2nd link you posted. Unless you clear the cache for whatever reason or change sizes, switch the theme etc..
More info on caching: http://www.zenphoto.org/news/caching#image-cache

Some themes (you didn't note which) optionally link the full image in /albums so that should be indexed.

If you are using the sitemap plugin to provide a sitemap for Google & Co note that you have to update the sitemap manually. It does not do this automatically.

ok thx