Sorry for the "Zenpress" - my brain obviously mixed up Wordpress and Zenphoto ;-)
Clearing the image cache for one album didn't change anything, unfortunately, neither did uploading the core files.
I reverted the installation to version 1.6.2 (the version I started from this morning) and restored the backup accordingly -> everything worked fine. Then I upgraded to 1.6.3; had the issue described in the other tread with the albums not showing in the backend. Then I upgraded to version 1.6.4, albums showing but the same issue with the image sorting appeared again, like as before.
I'm kind of helpless now. Will revert to 1.6.2 for now to be able to do the image sorting. But of course that's not a permanent solution. Any other ideas what I can do?